This is in contrast with RIXS, where the events are coupled, and must be treated as a single scattering process.
3.
In combination with the straightforward scattering geometry, where all relevant information is contained in a single scattering image, in-situ and real-time experiments are facilitated.
4.
One is usually written S ( \ mathbf { q } ); it is more generally valid, and relates the observed diffracted intensity per atom to that produced by a single scattering unit.
5.
Since single scattering dominates the helium-surface interactions, the collected helium signal easily gives information on the surface structure without the complications of considering multiple electron scattering events ( such as in LEED ).
6.
This is quantified in the " Single Scattering Albedo " ( SSA ), the ratio of scattering alone to scattering plus absorption ( " extinction " ) of radiation by a particle.
7.
The absorption spectrum of pure water is used in numerous applications, including light scattering and absorption by cloud water droplets, theories of the rainbow, determination of the single scattering albedo, ocean color, and many others.
8.
Which means that for high energy the wavelength is shorter than interatomic distances and hence the EXAFS region corresponds to a single scattering regime; while for lower E, \ lambda is larger than interatomic distances and the XANES region is associated with a multiple scattering regime.
9.
Observationally, the linear polarization fraction p ~ 0.015 from a single scattering; circular polarization from multiple scattering goes as p ^ { 2 }, so we expect a circularly polarized fraction of q \ sim 2 \ times 10 ^ {-4 }.
10.
In short, by measuring the number of high energy ( e . g . 200 keV ) electrons which lose a given amount of energy in traversing a very thin specimen ( single scattering approximation ), one can calculate the imaginary part of permittivity at that energy.
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